Dr Bronwen Dalton

Lyons, M.J. & Dalton, B.M. 2011, 'Australia: a Continuing Love Affair with the New Public Management' in Susan D Phillips and Steven Rathgeb Smith (eds), Governance and Regulation in the Third Sector: International Perspectives, Routledge, London, UK, pp. 238-259.
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The purpose of this book is to explore the implications for nonprofit organizations of the transition from New Public Management.(NPM) to more collaborative forms of relational or distributed governance. The case of Australia, which is examined in this chapter, does not provide strong evidence for such a transition. It also shows the difficulty of generalizing about relations between governments and the third sector. During the 1980s Australian governments- both state and national, Labor and Liberal- gradually embraced the set of beliefs and practices that came to be known as NPM. This embrace was not without its critics, but it had powerful supporters and transformed the role of government and the practice of governing. It also had direct implications for the third sector.

Dalton, B.M. & Wilson, R. 2009, 'Improving quality in Australian child care: the role of the media and non-profit providers' in King D; Meagher G (eds), Paid Care in Australia: Politics, Profits, Practices, Sydney University Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 204-230.
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It is widely acknowledged that the quality of cen tre-based care for young children is a critical determin ant of a range of positive social, education and health-related outcomes (Barnett & Ackerman 2006; Vandell et al, 1988; Schweinhar t et at. 1993). Yet in 2001, Australia ranked at near the bottom of an OECD league table measuring how much countries invest in children's earliest years (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2001). Further, Australia's quality assurance regime for child care has been criticised, particularly for its failure to make reliable or comparable information on th e quality of child care services readily available to parents (Radich 2002; Hill, Pocock & Elliott 2007; Rush 2006).

Dalton, B.M. & Casey, J.P. 2008, 'Money for mission or moral minefield? The opportunities and risks of not-for-profit business venturing' in Barraket, J (eds), Strategic Issues for the Not-for-profit Sector, UNSW Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 163-186.
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Exploration of issues relating to commercialisation within the nonprofit sector.

Bisen, A., Dalton, B.M. & Wilson, R. 2012, 'The Social Construction of the Microfinance Industry: a comparison of donor and recipient perspectives', Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 62-83.
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Microfinance has been one of the fastest growing 'industries' of the new millennium, with the sector now containing over 10,000 microfinance institutions (MFIs) with over $60 billion in assets (Microfinance Information Exchange 2011). This expansion has stimulated interest from both scholars and the mainstream media. There is a growing volume of academic research which broadly centres on two approaches: an Ô++institutionalist perspectiveÔ+ that highlights microfinance as an innovation in applying market solutions to social problems; and the other approach, often described as welfarist, that questions the capacity of an increasingly commericalised sector to realize a mission of poverty reduction. But do these themes and concerns permeate academic boundaries? Specifically, does media coverage in key donor and recipient countries confirm or challenge or even engage with these debates? To date much of this academic literature has overlooked how Ô++microfinanceÔ+ has been socially constructed in the public sphere through the mass media. Through its interpretation of events, the media can influence the way an issue is discussed and evaluated and in this way influence individual perceptions (Gamson 1988). In this article we present an analysis of recent media coverage of microfinance in one key donor country, the United States and one major recipient country, India. By conducting a media content analysis of 100 newspaper articles (sorted by level of relevance) that appeared in the top 10 highest circulating English language newspapers in India and the US over a 12 month period January-December 2008 we discuss how media coverage in these two countries differed in significant ways. The Indian media sample tended to focus on operational issues and report on specific business activity within the microfinance industry, in general treating it as a Ô++regularÔ++ part of the financial and banking system. While the US media sample made broader generalizations about the indust

Butcher, J., Casey, J. & Dalton, B.M. 2012, 'An Australian National Compact - Something old, Something New?', Nonprofit Policy Forum, vol. 3, no. 2.
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The Australian Labor Party (ALP) formed government under Prime Minister Kevin Rudd in 2007 promising to consult with the not-for-profit sector on the development of a national compact. It was the governmentÔ++s aim to forge a new settlement with the sector after eleven years of Liberal/National Coalition government during which contractual governance rather than relational governance was the norm. The provenance of the National Compact, launched in March 2010, can be traced back to similar framework documents for inter-sectoral cooperation in the United Kingdom (principally, The Compact) and Canada (the Accord). The National Compact) cannot be explained solely in terms of policy diffusion or the predilection of centre-right political parties for policy instruments of this sort. Rather, explanation requires a more nuanced contextual analysis of the political and policy environment within which these frameworks emerged. In this article we compare the range of factors contributing to the development of The Compact (UK), the Accord) (Canada) and the National Compact (Australia). We apply a similar analysis to policy frameworks in selected Australian states. We conclude that compacts arrive on the policy agenda via the opening of policy windows and through the actions of policy entrepreneurs. Policy windows and the attention of policy entrepreneurs might be both contextual and therefore, time-limited. We consider the range of factors that appear to have a bearing on the impact and durability of inter-sectoral policy frameworks in each jurisdiction in order to draw tentative conclusions about the prospects for the Australian National Compact.

Casey, J.P., Dalton, B.M., Melville, R. & Onyx, J.A. 2010, 'Strengthening government-nonprofit relations: International experiences with compacts', Voluntary Sector Review, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 59-76.
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Governments around the world have sought to strengthen their relations with nonprofit organisations. In many jurisdictions this has led to the development of written framework agreements between government and the nonprofit sector, most commonly known as compacts. They have had widely differing impacts Ô++ some are seen as successful initiatives that have significantly strengthened relations between government and nonprofits, while others have had little effect and have been quickly discarded or ignored. This paper documents the recent evolution of such processes in the UK, Canada, Australia, the US, France, Estonia and Spain, and explores the parallels between them. The narratives from these countries illustrate an emerging common discourse, but also that the peculiarties of each polity have led to significantly different substantive outcomes.

dela Rama, M.J., Edwards, M., Dalton, B.M. & Green, J. 2010, 'Honourable Intentions? Analysing the interests of private equity in the aged care sector', Third Sector Review, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 63-82.
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The Australian aged care industry was once dominated by non-profit organisations but recently ownership has changed significantly with the entry of for profit and in particular private equity investment vehicles. This paper provides an overview of the main players and the effects of private equity on the Australian aged care sector. The analysis is framed within the literature which examines the relationship between ownership type and the quality of community services. It also presents a series of case studies which suggest that a change of ownership from non-profit to private equity may have significant consequences for the quality of service provision.

Onyx, J.A., Armitage, L.M., Dalton, B.M., Melville, R., Casey, J.P. & Banks, R. 2010, 'Advocacy with Gloves on: The 'Manners' of Strategy Used by Some Third Sector Organizations Undertaking Advocacy in NSW and Queensland', Voluntas - International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organisations, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 41-61.
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This article examines the strategies used by some third sector organizations in Australia to advocate. The purpose of this article is to identify the kinds of activities that organizations in New South Wales and Queensland use to promote advocacy, the kinds of language that is used to describe these activities, and the reasons given for the particular strategies adopted. The extent to which the organizations adopt ´+¢softer´+¢ (that is more institutional forms of advocacy) rather than more openly challenging forms of activism is examined, particularly in light of a neo-liberal political and economic environment. In this analysis emergent strategies are identified that are not easily categorized as either ´+¢institutional´+¢ or ´+¢radical´+¢ advocacy. The article presents an exploratory analysis of some of the implications of the strategies adopted, in terms of their democratic effects and potential to strengthen the capacity of third sector organizations. The article is informed by the findings of a qualitative research project involving interviews with 24 organizations in the community services and environmental fields.

Dalton, B.M. & Jung, K. 2009, 'Feeding the dictator or making a difference? The experiences of international aid and development agencies in North Korea 1995-2005', The International Review of Korean Studies, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-28.
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Since 2005 food aid to North Korea has been in steep decline, however, during the period 1995 to 2005 North Korea received more food aid from the UN World Food Programme (WFP) and US government than any other country. Similarly, private relief aid to North Korea significantly increased, with approximately 130 organisations worldwide providing over US$2 billion in aid between 1995 and 2005. This article revisits this period marked by the most extensive engagement of humanitarian organisations since the establishment of the Democratic PeopleÔ++s Republic of Korea (DPRK) in 1948. In the context of this dependence on foreign aid the article examines the impact of International Aid Agencies or International Nongovernment OrganisationsÔ++ (INGOs) operations, not only in humanitarian terms but with regards to political, social and economic development. We argue that due to tight operating restrictions there was no discernable impact on North Korean society or the polity. However, it is argued that longer term and unanticipated effects are likely due to the extensive diversion of aid to the emerging informal market economy.

Dalton, B.M., Wilson, R. & Harvison, J. 2009, 'Job satisfaction and HR issues for nurses in non-profit, non-hospital settings', Employment Relations Record, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-18.
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High levels of nursing staff turnover have placed increasing pressure on the healthcare systems in many countries (Andrews & Dziegielewski 2005; Ruggiero 2005; Lynn & Redman 2005). The impact of high turnover in nursing staff and related nursing skills shortages has been wide-ranging, from reducing the effectiveness and productivity of health organisations to reducing access to services and the quality of patient care (Saratoga Institute & Kepner-Tregoe 1999, Hay Group 2001). Recognition of the severity of these impacts has encouraged professionals and researchers to identify new ways to attract and retain nursing staff with hundreds of articles and reports published about the issue in recent years.

Onyx, J.A., Dalton, B.M., Melville, R., Casey, J.P. & Banks, R. 2008, 'Implications of government funding of advocacy for third-sector independence and exploration of alternative advocacy funding models', Australian Journal of Social Issues, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 631-648.
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This paper examines the effect of funding contracts on the capacity of third~sectororganizations to effectively advocate. The relationship is not simple or obvious, with some organizations reporting 'mature relationships' with particular (state) departments, and others reporting difficulty with state or federal government jurisdictions. The paper spells out the negative effects of conflating service funding and advocacy. The paper concludes by exploring alternative institutional arrangements for the resourcing of advocacy including the establishment of a Public Interest Fund administered independently of any government department, one not requiring specific service contracts but rather evidence that it is advocating for the broader public good.

Green, J. & Dalton, B.M. 2007, 'Values and virtues or qualifications and experience? An analysis of non-profit recruitment advertising in Australia', Employment Relations Record, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1-14.
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Casey, J.P. & Dalton, B.M. 2006, 'The best of times, the worst of times: Community-sector advocacy in the age of 'compacts'', Australian Journal Of Political Science, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 23-38.
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The recent introduction of written 'compacts' between government and community services organisations (CSOs) in Australia offers the promise of meaningful co-production of policy. However, recent research has highlighted that many in the community sector continue to perceive that there are significant constraints on their capacity to engage in advocacy. This article examines the impact of the current governance regimes on the Australian community sector and explores the dimensions of these perceived constraints. The article argues that both government and community sectors must make concessions and adjustments. Governments must accept that the use of contracting monopolies to stifle advocacy has weakened their capacity to deliver responsive services, while community organisations must accept that new governance regimes require new modes of participation in the policy process.

Jung, K. & Dalton, B.M. 2006, 'Rhetoric versus reality for the women of North Korea - Mothers of the revolution', Asian Survey, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 741-760.
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The role and status of women in North Korea have changed in recent years. Reports suggest that women, more than men, have become active players in emerging capitalist processes, particularly those centered on local markets, thus creating new opportunitie

Onyx, J.A. & Dalton, B.M. 2006, 'Accountability and advocacy', Third Sector Review, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 7-24.
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Dalton, B.M. & Lyons, M.J. 2005, 'Advocacy organisations in Australian politics: Governance and democratic effects', Third Sector Review, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 59-78.
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Dalton, B.M. 2005, 'Corruption in cultural context: Contradictions within the Korean tradition', Crime Law and Social Change, vol. 43, no. 4-5, pp. 237-262.
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Appreciating the many, varied and sometimes ambiguous elements within what may be called 'Korean culture' is crucial to a balanced assessment of its relationship to corruption. In particular, it is important to recognise its multivocality and thus its pa

Dalton, B.M. & Jung, K. 2011, 'North Korea's Informal Markets and the Increasing Role of Women.', 7th Korean Studies Association of Australasia Biennial Conference, University of New South Wales, November 2011 in Proceedings of the Korean Studies Association of Australasia, ed Chung-Sok Suh, University of New South Wales, Sydney, pp. 2-34.
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This paper focuses on the spread of markets in North Korea and the role of women in this process. It does this by presenting individual accounts of North Korean female defectors and contextualizing these with data drawn from in-depth interviews with representatives of transnational and South Korean NGOs, government officials and North Korean experts and analysis of a variety of English and Korean language materials. In so doing the paper seeks to provide a more nuanced understanding of North Korean society at a time of unprecedented economic and social change.

Shin, J.S. & Dalton, B.M. 2011, 'Harmonising International Development Efforts with Resource Diplomacy: Potential for the strategic use of ODA to Secure Lithium in South America', 7th Korean Studies Association of Australasia Biennial Conference, Sydney, November 2011 in Proceedings of 7th Biennial Korean Studies Association of Australasia Conference, ed Chung-sok Suh, University of NSW, Sydney, pp. 2-23.
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Korea's current Green Growth strategy seeks to lessen the country's dependence on fossil fuel resources and promote significant investment into the development of alternative, environmentally-friendly energy sources. As part of this strategy Korea has been investing heavily in the development of various green energy industries in particular it has become one of the world's largest manufacturers of lithium based rechargeable-ion batteries to power electric or hybrid motor vehicles. The continued growth of this industry requires a secure and stable supply of lithium and to this end the Korean government has developed its so-called 'resource diplomacy' strategy which is designed promote relations with countries with significant lithium deposits such as Chile, Argentina and Bolivia. However, to date, resource diplomacy has been somewhat narrowly targeted at domestic policies that support Korean firms to invest directly in acquiring and developing lithium mines or to increasing the number of embassies in these countries. More recently the Korean government is considering broader diplomatic measures. The paper argues that resource diplomacy has the potential to be an effective means of achieving Korea's green growth objectives but that the success of this strategy must go beyond facilitating Korean direct foreign investment to become a more fully fledged cultural and foreign aid and development diplomacy strategy that promotes longer term, broader and deeper levels of engagement. This 'soft-power' approach is more likely to serve as an effective but subtle means to exert influence not only to promote specific Korean interests but to achieve longer term, mutually beneficial outcomes for both Korea and these South American nations.

Dalton, B.M., Jang, H., Jung, K. & Johns, R.E. 2010, 'Destination Australia: Working conditions of Korean women working in the entertainment and sex industry', Pacific Employment Relations Association Conference, Adelaide Australia, November 2009 in Proceedings of the 9th PERA Conference - Workforce Planning in Times of Crisis and Change, ed Barrett, S, Pacific Employment Relations Association, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 32-54.
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The experience of women working in the sex and entertainment industry is an issue central to feminism, social and human rights movements, and ongoing political debate. Although now an area of scholarly research the clandestine nature of this industry makes research challenging and means many aspects remain unknown. In this paper, the researchers examine the working conditions of Korean women working in the sex industry in Australia. The paper reports on recent trends in patterns of migration and draws attention to the fact that increasing numbers of Korean women are utilising =working holiday` visas to work in the sex and entertainment industry and that under Australian law this practice is essentially legal. The paper also examines the nature of their service in the sex industry and details the conditions of their employment. Findings from this study aim to inform recommendations to policy makers in relevant government and non-government community service organisations.

Dalton, B.M. & Jung, K. 2009, 'The Humanitarian's Dilemma: The experience of international NGOs in North Korea', Biennial Korean Studies Association of Australasia Conference, University of Sydney, July 2009 in The Proceedings of the Sixth Biennial Korean Studies Association of Australasia (KSAA) Conference, ed Duk-soo Park, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 201-216.
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Until the drastic reduction in the flow ofinternational aid precipitated by US sanctions in 2005, International Non-Governmental Organisations (INGOs) conducted significant operations in the Democratic People's Republic ofKorea (DPRK). The DPRK solicited assistance from the international community in 1995, after a major flood and subsequent chronic food shortage. Over subsequent years the country became increasingly dependant on international assistance. Given this dependence on foreign aid by one of the world's most isolated, repressive andpotentially dangerous regimes and the recent withdrawal of' many aid agencies, it is timely to examine the impact of NGO operations, not only in humanitarian terms but with regards to economic, political and social development. After discussion of the various theories relating to the role ofINGOs in economic, social and political development, including their potential to promote democratisation, the pdper examines the impact of the activities of international aid organisations participating directly or indirectly in the provision ofhumanitarian aid, assistance or development in the DPRK. Based on the findings of10 semi-structured telephone interviews with relevant INGO personnel, INGO documents and other economic and social data, the paper examines the impact of INGOs on three key areas: Humanitarian objectives, economic development andpolitical/ social development.

Jang, H., Jung, K. & Dalton, B.M. 2009, 'Factors influencing labour migration of Korean women into the entertainment and sex industry in Australia', KSAA, University of Sydney, Australia, July 2009 in Global Korea: Proceedings of the Sixth Biennial Conference Korean Studies Association of Australa, ed Duk-Soo Park, KSAA, Sydney, Australia, pp. 254-265.
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Green, J. & Dalton, B.M. 2007, ''Warm hearted, genuine, compassionate seeks...' An Exploration of Recruitment Advertising for Managers in Australian Nonprofit Social Services', International Employment Relations Association Conference, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK, 8-13 July 2007, July 2007 in International Employment Relations Association (IERA) 2007 'Working Lives, Working Choices' 15th Annual Conference, ed Prof. Jan Druker, Canterbury Christ Church University, International Employment Relations Association, Conference Website, pp. 1-22.
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Recruitment practices play a key role in organisational success (Cable & Judge, 1996). Designing an effective recruitment advertisement is critical in establishing the first link to appropriate potential employees (Backhaus, 2004). A consistent finding is that people join, succeed and stay with organisations where there is a strong alignment between the organisational culture and values and the individual s values and direction. People seek jobs with employers whose moral values match their own (Scott, 2000). It is a key in the perfect match.

Dalton, B.M. & Casey, J.P. 2006, 'Innovation or ill-gotten gains? Interpretations of nonprofit business venturing in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States', Conference of Australia and New Zealand Third Sector Research, Adelaide, Australia, November 2006 in Navigating New Waters: Eighth Biennial Conference of Australia and New Zealand Third Sector Research, ed Baulderstone, J, ANZTSR Secretariat, Penrith, Australia, pp. 1-32.
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Dalton, B.M., Casey, J.P. & Green, J. 2006, 'Sweet charity and filthy lucre: the social construction of nonprofit business venturing in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States', International Conference on Contemporary Business, Leura, Australia, September 2006 in Engagement and Change - Managing in a Free Trade Environment: Conference Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Contemporary Business, ed Basu, P K; O+Neill, G; Travaglione, A, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia, pp. 1-18.
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Casey, J.P. & Dalton, B.M. 2004, 'Ties that bind? The impact of contracting and project-based funding regimes on advocacy', Australasian Political Studies Association Conference, Adelaide, Australia, September 2004 in Australasian Political Studies Association Conference 2004, ed Beasley, C; Hill, L; Johnson, C; McCarthy, G; Macintyre, C, Australasian Political Studies Association, Canberra, pp. 1-26.
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dela Rama, M.J., Edwards, M., Dalton, B.M. 2008, 'Submission No. 14 to the Australian Senate Community Affairs Committee on the Inquiry into the the Aged Care Amendment (2008) Measures No. 2 Bill', Australian Parliament House, Canberra, Australia, pp. 1-12.
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With two other School of Management colleagues, Melissa Edwards and Bronwen Dalton, we made this submission into the following Community Affairs Committee Inquiry. This submission was later cited by Ian Verrender, a Sydney Morning Herald journalist in his business column "Profit Not Improvement", 29th November 2008 http://business.smh.com.au/business/profit-not-improvement-the-motive-for-many-in-care-sector-20081128-6mz2.html